| Sunnis | Shi'ites |
| 622-632 Medinan State under Muhammad
Rightly Guided Caliphs 632-634 Abu Bakr 634-644 `Umar b. al-Khattab 644-656 `Uthman b. `Affan 656-661 `Ali b. Abu Talib |
|
| 661-749/50 Umayyad Caliphate Shi'ite inspired revolts lead to unrest in the empire that contribute to the fall of the Umayyads | |
|
749/50 - 1258 `Abbasid Caliphate Spain will stay in Umayyad hands until Muslims are expelled in 1492 CE. |
|
| 898 - 1963:
Zaydi / 5-er
Shi'ite state in Yemen
909-1171: Fatimid
dynasty
in Northern Africa, Egypt, Palestine
|
|
| 1038-1194
Saljuqs (Seljuks):
displace Buyid
power, favoring Sunni Islam. |
|
| 13th
Century
- 1924: Ottoman Empire
(capture of Constantinople / Istanbul in 1453) 1169-1260: Ayyubids (Egypt and Syria, Holy Land 1254-1517: Mamluks in Egypt 1487-1858: Moghul Empire (Indian subcontinent) |
|
| 1501-1732: Safavid dynasty in Persia / Iran, proclaiming Twelver Shi'ism as the state religion. |