Under Roman rule:
135-8 CE Jews banned from Holy Land, ban revoke after death of emperor Hadrian
212 CE Roman citizenship extended to all free inhabitants of Roman empire, incl. Jews
249 - persecutions against Christians under emperors Decius, Valerius
303- persecution against Christians under Diocletain
313 CE Christianity becomes tolerated under emperor Constantine (Edict of Milano)
Under Christian rule: 391 CE Christianity become official religion of the Roman Empire
4th c.: conversion to Judaism and intermarriage with Christians is prohibited.
439 CE: government posts closed to Jews; Jews forbidden to build new synagogues
c. 600 CE: official papal policy (Gregory the Great): no forceful conversion of Jews; Jews in their dispersed condition a "living testimony" to the truth of scripture.
612 CE Visigothic Spain introduces anti-Jewish legislation; Jews expelled from Spain in 694.
873-4 CE Forceful conversion of Jews of Byzantine Southern Italy under emperor Basil I.
943 CE Revival of conversion decree of Basil I under emperor Lecapenus.
1095: Pope Urban II's call for 1st crusade, leads to massacre of Rhineland Jews by "Crusaders".
1144: First Blood Libel in Norwich, England (accusation of Jews requiring blood for ritual)
1182-98: Expulsion from the royal domain in France.
1190: Massacre at York.
1202-04: Fourth Crusade, turns against Orthodox Christianity (Constantinople); desecration of Hagia Sophia
1208: Beginning of Crusade against Albingensians; founding of the Inquisition.
1215: Fourth Lateran Council: Limit on occupations for Jews; interaction with Christians forbidden; introduction of distinctive badge and clothing for Jews.
1290: Expulsion from England.
1306-15: Expulsion from and recall to France.
1320-21: Massacres in France / 1336-39: Massacres in Germany.
1348-49: "Black Death" massacres.
1391: Massacres in Castile and Aragon, Spain.
1394: Final Expulsion from France.
1421: Persecution in Austria.
1424: Expulsion from Cologne.
1439: Expulsion from Augsburg.
1450-1500: Expulsion from different parts of Germany.
1462: Establishment of the Frankfurt ghetto.
1473-74: Massacre of Conversos in Cordova.
1480 Beginning of Spanish Inquisition, focus on Conversos. (lasts until 1820!)
1492: Expulsion from Spain /1497: Coercion into baptism/Expulsion from Portugal.